What phase is characterized by the actual hacking process?

The phase characterized by the actual hacking process is "Gaining Access." During this stage, the ethical hacker uses various techniques and tools to exploit vulnerabilities identified in previous phases, such as reconnaissance and scanning. This phase is crucial because it involves the execution of the attack, which may include breaking into systems, networks, or applications to gain unauthorized access.

Successful completion of this phase typically requires a solid understanding of the targeted system's architecture and potential weaknesses. Ethical hackers may employ different methodologies and attack vectors, such as exploiting software vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or using social engineering tactics to gain insights into system credentials. This direct engagement with the system, seeking unauthorized access, distinguishes this phase from others, which focus on preparation and post-access maintenance strategies.